The Kuomintang of China[4] (English pronunciation: /ˌkwoʊmɪnˈtɑːŋ/ or /-ˈtæŋ/)[5] (KMT); (Hanyu Pinyin Pinyin , or more formally Hanyu Pinyin (汉语拼音 / 漢語拼音), is currently the most commonly used romanization system for Standard Mandarin (标准普通话 / 標準普通話). Hànyǔ (汉语 / 漢語) means the Chinese language, and pīnyīn (拼音) means "phonetics", or more literally, "spelling sound" or ": Guómíndǎng, GMD), translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party or Chinese National People's Party[6], is a political party Political parties in the Republic of China lists political parties participating in politics of the Republic of China . Taiwan developed into a multi-party system after late 1980s. Currently there are 137 legal political parties in Taiwan of the Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia comprising the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands located off the east coast of mainland China. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south (Taiwan Taiwan, also known as Formosa , is an island situated in East Asia in the Western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. It has comprised most (99%) of the territory of the Republic of China (ROC) since the 1950s. The term "Taiwan" has also become a commonly used alternative name both domestically and, ROC). It can be seen romanized as Guomindang (according to the Pinyin Pinyin , or more formally Hanyu Pinyin (汉语拼音 / 漢語拼音), is currently the most commonly used romanization system for Standard Mandarin (标准普通话 / 標準普通話). Hànyǔ (汉语 / 漢語) means the Chinese language, and pīnyīn (拼音) means "phonetics", or more literally, "spelling sound" or " transcription system) in some contexts. It is the founding and the ruling political party The ruling party or governing party in a parliamentary system is the political party or coalition of the majority in parliament. Within a parliamentary system, the majority in the legislature also controls the executive branch of government, thus leaving no possibility of dueling parties concurrently occupying the executive and legislative of the ROC. The headquarters of the KMT are located in Taipei Taipei City is the largest city of Taiwan and the capital of the Republic of China (commonly known as "Taiwan"). Situated at the tip of the island, Taipei is located on the Danshui River, and is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, its port on the Pacific Ocean. Another coastal city, Danshui, is about 20 km northwest at the river's mouth on, Taiwan Taiwan Province of the Republic of China . The Tiaoyutai Islands to the northeast of the main island of Taiwan, claimed by the ROC as part of Ilan County are too small to be shown and it is currently the majority party in terms of seats in the Legislative Yuan The Legislative Yuan is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China (ROC), whose territory consists of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu Islands, and the oldest political party in the Republic of China. The KMT is a member of the International Democrat Union The International Democrat Union is a center-right international grouping of conservative, Christian-democratic and Liberal-conservative political parties. Current president The President of the Republic of China is the Head of State and Commander in Chief of the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan since the 1970s). The Republic of China was founded in 1911 governing China. As a consequence of the World War II and the Chinese Civil War, however, the ROC lost control of mainland China to the Chinese communist Ma Ying-jeou Ma Ying-jeou is the 12th term and current President of the Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, and the Chairman of the Kuomintang Party, also known as the Chinese Nationalist Party. He formerly served as Justice Minister from 1993 to 1996, Mayor of Taipei from 1998 to 2006, and Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 2005 to 2007. Ma is the seventh KMT member to hold the office of the presidency.
Together with the People First Party The People First Party is a centre-right conservative political party in the Republic of China . It was founded by James Soong and his supporters after his failed independent bid for the presidency in 2000. Soong is currently the chairman and dominates much of its politics. The name of the party, qinmin, has Confucian connotations and Chinese New Party The New Party , formerly the Chinese New Party (CNP; 中華新黨, Zhōnghúa Xīn Dăng), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China (ROC, commonly known as "Taiwan"), the KMT forms what is known as the Taiwanese Pan-Blue coalition The Pan-Blue Coalition or Pan-Blue Force is a political alliance in the Republic of China , commonly known as "Taiwan", consisting of the Kuomintang (KMT), the People First Party (PFP), and the New Party (CNP). The name comes from the party colors of the Kuomintang. This coalition tends to favor a Chinese nationalist identity over a, which supports eventual unification with the mainland Chinese reunification refers to the bringing together of all of the territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) under a single political entity. After Hong Kong and Macau were reunited with mainland China under the rule of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the only outstanding goal for. However, the KMT has been forced to moderate their stance by advocating political The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, including Penghu, should remain effectively independent as territory of the Republic of China , become unified with the territories now governed by the People's Republic of China (PRC), or formally declare independence and become the Republic of Taiwan. The and legal status quo Status quo, a commonly used form of the original Latin "statu quo" - literally "the state in which" - is a Latin term meaning the current or existing state of affairs. To maintain the status quo is to keep the things the way they presently are. The related phrase status quo ante, literally "the state in which before", of modern Taiwan. The KMT accepts a "One China Principle The One-China policy generally refers to the policy of the United States and other nations, recognizing the People's Republic of China (PRC) government in Beijing as the sole legal government of China. Countries seeking diplomatic relations with the PRC must acknowledge this policy and refrain from maintaining official relations with the Republic" - it officially considers that there is only one China China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity and that the Republic of China (not the People's Republic of China b. ^ Simple characterizations of the political structure since the 1980s are no longer possible) is its legitimate government The word legitimacy is often interpreted in a normative or a positive way. In a normative sense, legitimacy gets greater attention as a part of moral philosophy. It is a status conferred by the people on the government's officials, acts, and institution through their belief that the government's actions are an appropriate use of power by a legally. However, since 2008, in order to ease tensions with the People's Republic of China, the KMT endorses the "three noes" policy as defined by Ma Ying-jeou Ma Ying-jeou is the 12th term and current President of the Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, and the Chairman of the Kuomintang Party, also known as the Chinese Nationalist Party. He formerly served as Justice Minister from 1993 to 1996, Mayor of Taipei from 1998 to 2006, and Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) from 2005 to 2007. Ma - no unification, no independence and no use of force.[7]
The KMT was founded by Song Jiaoren Song Jiaoren (5 April 1882 – 22 March 1913) was a Chinese republican revolutionary, political leader and a founder of the Kuomintang (KMT) and Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Father of the Nation. Sun played an instrumental role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in October 1911, the last imperial dynasty of China. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of shortly after the Xinhai Revolution The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution , also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911 and ended with the abdication of Emperor Puyi on February 12, 1912. The primary parties to the conflict were the Imperial forces of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) and the revolutionary. Later led by Chiang Kai-shek Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was a political and military leader of 20th century China, it ruled much of China China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity from 1928 until its retreat to Taiwan in 1949 after being defeated by the Communist Party of China The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and the ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is the world's largest political party (CPC) during the Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China (CPC). The war began in April 1927, amidst the Northern Expedition. The war represented an ideological split between the Western-supported Nationalist KMT and the Soviet-supported Communist CPC. In the People's Republic of China the war is more commonly known. There, the KMT controlled the government under a single party state A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system government in which a single political party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election. Sometimes the term de facto single-party state is used to describe a dominant-party system where laws or practices prevent the until reforms in the late 1970s through the 1990s loosened its grip on power.
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Support
The flag of the Kuomintang The Blue Sky with a White Sun serves as the design for the party flag and emblem of the Kuomintang (KMT), the canton of the flag of the Republic of China, the national emblem of the Republic of China (ROC), and as the naval jack of the ROC Navy consists of a twelve ray sun (originating from the twelve traditional Chinese China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity hours of the day) to symbolize the spirit of progress. The flag forms the canton of the flag of the Republic of China In Chinese, the flag is commonly described as Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth (simplified Chinese: 青 .Support for the Kuomintang in the Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia comprising the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands located off the east coast of mainland China. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south encompasses a wide range of groups. Kuomintang support tends to be higher in northern Taiwan and in urban areas, where it draws its backing from small to medium and self-employed business owners, who make up the majority of commercial interests in Taiwan. Big businesses are also likely to support the KMT because of its policy of maintaining commercial links with mainland China.
The KMT also has strong support in the labor sector because of the many labor benefits and insurance implemented while the KMT was in power.[citation needed] The KMT traditionally has strong cooperation with labor unions A trade union or labor union (American English) is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file members) and negotiates labor contracts (collective bargaining) with, teachers, and government workers.[citation needed] Among the ethnic groups in Taiwan, the KMT has solid support among mainlanders Mainlanders are people who live in a region considered a "mainland". It is frequently used in the context of areas ruled by the People's Republic of China, referring to people from mainland China as opposed to other areas controlled by the state such as Hong Kong or Macau and their descendants for ideological reasons and among Taiwanese aboriginals Taiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation stories, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8000 years before major Han Chinese immigration began in the 17th century (Blust 1.
Opponents of the KMT include strong supporters of Taiwan independence, and rural residents particularly in southern Taiwan, though supporters of unification include Hoklo Hokkien dialect of Minnan and Standard Mandarin. Diaspora also speak their respective home country's language and supporters of independence include mainlanders.[citation needed] There is opposition due to an image of KMT both as a mainlanders' and a Chinese nationalist party out of touch with local values.
History
Early years, Sun Yat-sen era
The Kuomintang refer reverentially to founder Dr. Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Father of the Nation. Sun played an instrumental role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in October 1911, the last imperial dynasty of China. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of (1866-1925) as the "Father of the Nation." Sun is pictured here in 1917.The Kuomintang traces its ideological and organizational roots to the work of Dr. Sun Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the Father of the Nation. Sun played an instrumental role in overthrowing the Qing Dynasty in October 1911, the last imperial dynasty of China. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of, a proponent of Chinese nationalism Chinese nationalism , sometimes synonymous with Chinese patriotism (simplified Chinese: 爱国主义; traditional Chinese: 愛國主義; pinyin: àiguó zhǔyì lit. Love country ideology) refers to cultural, historiographical, and political theories, movements and beliefs that assert the idea of a cohesive, unified Chinese people and culture, who founded Revive China Society in Honolulu Honolulu is the capital of and the most populous census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Although Honolulu refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and the county are consolidated, known as the City and County of Honolulu, and the city and county is designated as the entire island. The, Hawaii The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles . At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The last is by in 1894.[8] In 1905, Sun joined forces with other anti-monarchist societies Anti-Qing sentiment refers to a sentiment principally held in China against the Manchu ruling during Qing Dynasty, which was often resented for being foreign and barbaric. The Qing was decried as having destroyed traditional Chinese culture by banning traditional Chinese clothes (the hanfu) and forcing Chinese to wear their hair in a queue in the in Tokyo Tokyo , officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It is located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (Tokyo-fu) and the city of Tokyo. Tokyo is the to form the Tongmenghui or the Revolutionary Alliance The Tongmenghui , also known as the Chinese United League or the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance, was a secret society and underground resistance movement organized by Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren in Tokyo, Japan, on 20 August 1905. This new alliance was created through the unification of Sun's Xingzhonghui, or Revive China Society, the Guangfuhui,, a group committed to the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, was the last ruling dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 (with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917). It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China and the establishment of a republican government A republic is a form of government in which the people or some portion thereof retain supreme control over the government, and in which the head of government is not a monarch. The word "republic" is derived from the Latin phrase res publica, which can be translated as "a public affair".
The group planned and supported the Xinhai Revolution The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution , also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911 and ended with the abdication of Emperor Puyi on February 12, 1912. The primary parties to the conflict were the Imperial forces of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) and the revolutionary of 1911 and the founding of the Republic of China on January 1, 1912. However, Sun did not have military power and ceded the provisional presidency of the republic to strongman Yuan Shikai, who arranged for the abdication of the Last Emperor on February 12.
On August 25, 1912, the Kuomintang was established at the Huguang Guild Hall in Beijing, where the Revolutionary Alliance and several smaller pro-revolution parties merged to contest the first national elections.[9] Sun, the then Premier of the ROC, was chosen as the party chairman with Huang Xing as his deputy.
The most influential member of the party was the third ranking Song Jiaoren, who mobilized mass support from gentry and merchants for the KMT on a democratic socialist platform in favor of a constitutional parliamentary democracy. The party was opposed to constitutional monarchists and sought to check the power of Yuan. The Kuomintang won an overwhelming majority of the first National Assembly in December 1912.
But Yuan soon began to ignore the parliament in making presidential decisions and had parliamentary leader Song Jiaoren assassinated in Shanghai in 1913. Members of the KMT led by Sun Yat-sen staged the Second Revolution in July 1913, a poorly planned and ill-supported armed rising to overthrow Yuan, and failed. Yuan dissolved the KMT in November (whose members had largely fled into exile in Japan) and dismissed the parliament early in 1914.
Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor in December 1915. While exiled in Japan in 1914, Sun established the Chinese Revolutionary Party, but many of his old revolutionary comrades, including Huang Xing, Wang Jingwei, Hu Hanmin and Chen Jiongming, refused to join him or support his efforts in inciting armed uprising against Yuan Shikai. In order to join the Chinese Revolutionary Party, members must take an oath of personal loyalty to Sun, which many old revolutionaries regarded as undemocratic and contrary to the spirit of the revolution.
Thus, many old revolutionaries did not join Sun's new organisation, and he was largely sidelined within the Republican movement during this period. Sun returned to China in 1917 to establish a rival government at Guangzhou, but was soon forced out of office and exiled to Shanghai. There, with renewed support, he resurrected the KMT on October 10, 1919, but under the name of the Chinese Kuomintang, as the old party had simply been called the Kuomintang. In 1920, Sun and the KMT were restored in Guangdong.
In 1923, the KMT and its government accepted aid from the Soviet Union after being denied recognition by the western powers. Soviet advisers – the most prominent of whom was Mikhail Borodin, an agent of the Comintern – began to arrive in China in 1923 to aid in the reorganization and consolidation of the KMT along the lines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, establishing a Leninist party structure that lasted into the 1990s. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was under Comintern instructions to cooperate with the KMT, and its members were encouraged to join while maintaining their separate party identities, forming the First United Front between the two parties.
Sun Yat-sen [middle] and Chiang Kai-shek [on stage in uniform] at the founding of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1924.Soviet advisers also helped the Nationalists set up a political institute to train propagandists in mass mobilization techniques, and in 1923 Chiang Kai-shek, one of Sun's lieutenants from the Tongmenghui days, was sent to Moscow for several months' military and political study. At the first party congress in 1924, which included non-KMT delegates such as members of the CCP, they adopted Sun's political theory, which included the Three Principles of the People - nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood.
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Wed, 25 Aug 2010 08:41:21 GMT+00:00
Asia Times Online ... but it's Chinese culture that influences Taiwan's," Yao Li-ming, a political commentator and former Kuomintang (KMT) lawmaker, said in an interview with ...
laozeng
Sun, 18 Jul 2010 03:39:01 GM
study, historic documents about . Kuomintang's. first national congress and the. first cooperation between . Kuomintang. and the Communist Party, and the site. of . Kuomintang's. first national congress (including the Revolutionary Square) ...
