China is a cultural region Today there are 56 distinct ethnic groups in China. In terms of numbers, however, the pre-eminent ethnic group is the Han Chinese. Throughout history, many groups have been assimilated into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared without a trace. At the same time, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional, an ancient civilization A civilization is a complex society or culture group characterized by dependence upon agriculture, long-distance trade, state form of government, occupational specialization, urbanism, and class stratification. Aside from these core elements, civilization is often marked by any combination of a number of secondary elements, including a developed, and, depending on perspective, a national A nation is a territory or country as political entity or a grouping of people who share real or imagined common history, culture, language or ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own government. The development and conceptualization of a nation is closely related to the development of modern industrial states and nationalist movements or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. Geographically and geo-politically, it covers about 12,000,000 km2 (4,600,000 sq mi), or about 28 percent of the Asian continent, about 15 percent bigger than the area of Europe.

In 1949, when major combat ended in the Chinese Civil War The civil war carried on intermittently until the Second Sino-Japanese War interrupted it, resulting in the two parties forming a Second United Front. Japan's campaign was defeated in 1945, marking the end of World War II, and China's full-scale civil war resumed in 1946. After a further four years, 1950 saw a cessation of major hostilities—with, two political entities In 1912, Xuantong Emperor abdicated as a result of the Xinhai Revolution and the Republic of China was established by revolutionists led by Dr Sun Yat-sen. From 1912 to 1949, China was scarred by wars between warlords, World War II, Japanese invasion and the Chinese Civil War. As the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, Communist Party of China took emerged having the term "China" in their names:

• The People's Republic of China b. ^ Information for mainland China only. Hong Kong and Macau are excluded. In addition, the territories under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, are also excluded (PRC), established in 1949, commonly known as China, has control over mainland China Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China , excluding Hong Kong and Macau, which are under the jurisdiction of the PRC but run on different economic and political systems. The term never includes Taiwan and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most (since 1997) and Macau Coordinates: 22°10′00″N 113°33′00″E / 22.1666667°N 113.55°E The Macau Special Administrative Region , commonly known as Macau or Macao (pronounced /məˈkaʊ/, simplified Chinese: 澳门; traditional Chinese: 澳門; Mandarin Pinyin: Àomén; Jyutping: ou3 mun4), is one of the two special administrative regions of the People's (since 1999).
• The Republic of China The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan, is a state in East Asia that has transformed from a single-party state with full global recognition and jurisdiction over China into a democratic state with limited international recognition and jurisdiction only over Taiwan and minor islands, though it enjoys de facto relations with many other (ROC), established on the mainland in 1911, nowadays commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan Taiwan , also known as Formosa (Chinese: 福爾摩沙; from Portuguese: (Ilha) Formosa, meaning "beautiful (island)"), is the largest island of the Republic of China (ROC) in East Asia. Taiwan is located east of the Taiwan Strait, off the southeastern coast of mainland China. Since the end of World War II in 1945, the island group has, Penghu 'Peng-hu' was first recorded in unofficial historical records and regional logs in 1171 during the Southern Song Dynasty. From the middle of the 17th century to 1895, Taiwan and the archipelago were ruled by pirates, the colonial Dutch Empire, the Koxinga kingdom, and the Qing Dynasty, successively, Kinmen Kinmen (Chinese: 金門; pinyin:Jīnmén; also romanised Quemoy from coastal Min nan ; literally "Golden Door" or "Golden Gate"), is a small archipelago of several islands administered by the Republic of China (ROC): Greater Kinmen (大金門), Lesser Kinmen (小金門), and some islets. Administratively, it is Kinmen County of, and Matsu The Matsu Islands (traditional Chinese: 馬祖列島 or less frequently, 馬祖群島 p=Mǎzǔ Lièdǎo or Mǎzǔ Qúndǎo) are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County (or Lianjiang) (連江 Pinyin: Liánjiāng), Fujian Province of the Republic of China (ROC). Not all of what is after losing control of the mainland in 1949.

China has one of the world's oldest civilizations and has the oldest continuous civilization.^[1] It has archaeological evidence dating back over 5,000 years.^[2] China had the largest economy for most of the last two millenia; until the 1850s when it missed the industrial revolution The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions starting in the United Kingdom, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the world. The onset of the. Subsequently, imperialism, wars and civil wars damaged the country and its economy for most of the twentieth century. In the 1970s, economic reforms transformed the country and made it one of the major economic powers once again.^{[3][4][5][6][7]} China is viewed as the source of many major inventions China has been the source of many significant inventions, including the Four Great Inventions of ancient China: paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing . The list below contains these and other inventions.^[2] It has one of the world's oldest written language systems Written Chinese comprises the written symbols used to represent spoken Chinese and the rules about how they are arranged and punctuated. These symbols are commonly known as Chinese characters (traditional/simplified Chinese: 漢字/汉字; pinyin: hànzì). Chinese characters do not constitute an alphabet or a compact syllabary. Rather, the.

Historically, China's cultural sphere Today there are 56 distinct ethnic groups in China. In terms of numbers, however, the pre-eminent ethnic group is the Han Chinese. Throughout history, many groups have been assimilated into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared without a trace. At the same time, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional has extended across East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customs, and writing systems being adopted to varying degrees by neighbors such as Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters which make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is, Korea Korea is a civilization and formerly unified nation currently divided into two states. Located on the Korean Peninsula, it borders China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and Vietnam Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (Vietnamese: Biển Đô. The first evidence of human presence in the region was found at the Zhoukoudian Zhoukoudian or Choukoutien is a cave system in Beijing, China. It has yielded many archaeological discoveries, including one of the first specimens of Homo erectus, dubbed Peking Man, and a fine assemblage of bones of the gigantic hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris. The Peking Man lived in this cave approximately 200,000 to 750,000 years ago cave and is one of the first known specimens of Homo erectus Homo erectus is an extinct species of hominid that originated in Africa—and spread as far as China and Java—from the end of the Pliocene epoch to the later Pleistocene: about 1.8-.3 million years ago. There is still disagreement on the subject of the classification, ancestry, and progeny of H. erectus, with two major alternative hypotheses:, now commonly known as the Peking Man Peking Man , also called Sinanthropus pekinensis (currently Homo erectus pekinensis), is an example of Homo erectus. A group of fossil specimens was discovered in 1923-27 during excavations at Zhoukoudian (Chou K'ou-tien) near Beijing (known as Peking at that time), China. More recently, the finds have been dated from roughly 500,000 years ago,, estimated to have lived from 300,000 to 780,000 years ago.^[8][9][10]

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• China
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• East China Sea
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